Notes

home is what the heart remembers

[more personal than usual. I turned twenty yesterday, so I figured I'd indulge in a little introspection. Normally I think about my life as ~starting at sixteen, but I was conscious a little before that. This is me trying to remember who I was]

  • When I was 15, I used to take a bus to school. Wake at 5:40AM --> catch the 5:55 --> stare with bleary eyes out across farmland and reservoirs for three-quarters of an hour --> bike another three miles --> be late to 0th period by a couple minutes. It was fun. One of the two regular drivers was mute and always waited for me to show up before starting his route. I never talked to the other one.

  • The first time I took the bus back, I was wearing a full-body banana costume and carrying 30lbs of camera equipment. Left the bike at school because I realized I couldn't manage everything, got very tired (you try walking uphill in a plastic bodysuit at the end of summer in a desert with 30lbs of camera equipment), missed the bus, was refused water at Starbucks for a lack of quarters, got accosted by a pale-skinned meth addict, convinced said addict to buy me 25c water, hopped on the last bus and made it home

  • The second time I took the bus back was mostly uneventful. I remember sitting in the back listening to a Lex Fridman podcast (I had just discovered podcasts as a consumption medium) while a gang of (mostly Black) middle schoolers ran onto the bus chugging gallon cartons of whole milk. One or two older women accompanied them; I remember being surprised that I was the only Latino. Only later did I realize that the route stopped at the regional prison, and these kids were visiting their fathers during visitation hours.1

  • I am grateful both of my parents are still alive, that neither are drug addicts, that against reasonably stark odds they remained financially solvent, housed, and ultimately cordial with each other. My then-best-friend's stepfather is now imprisoned for a decade; she lived in fear of being shot by her neighbors when she went for a walk. At least seven of my other friends were fatherless: one literally lost their home in a tough job market, another had a opiate-addicted mother so lived with his grandmother, a twin I knew shared a phone with her sister to appease her mother's safety concerns. An upperclassman who taught me how to film videos lost his mother to suicide.

  • All of these people went to college. Most first-gen. CS, aerospace engineering, CS, cogsci?, pre-med. Others became roboticists or went to the Naval Academy. Really, deeply grateful to have known them. Some of the best people I've met.2

  • Arguably, the formative moment in my education was when my AP Lang teacher forced me to learn how to write. I've been negative enough today, but I really don't like words. I hopefully will one day! But I've never really instinctively read on the level of words (or sentences), so it's hard for me to perceive the mind of someone who does. (And I think good writing must engage with gears of the minds of others).

    • Timed essays are a peculiar construct because they're not truth-seeking whatsoever. The goal is essentially just to argue an arbitrary point effectively to another in a way that is internally consistent, grammatically correct, and showcases 'mastery of the English language.' I remember being unable to write anything for hours at first, because I couldn't conceptualize the argument in sufficient detail to know where to start.

    • Eventually I got the hang of it.

    • She wrote me a recommendation letter to apply to MIT a year early. I didn't finish the application because my laptop was stolen, I didn't have money to buy a new one, and I was so tired.

  • The other formative moment in my education was discovering the Chicago undergraduate mathematics bibliography.

  • I appreciate my biology teacher for teaching me Java and how to mix sound systems. I appreciate my chemistry teacher for letting me ignore her and do QMech problems in the back of her class. I appreciate my physics teacher for teaching me the virtue of humility (and letting me make a bunch of friends!). I appreciate my oft-beleaguered principal for letting me skip school three times a week to travel a different sixty miles to the nearest university.3 I appreciate my literature teacher for casting me as Iago, and generally being so kind to me.

  • My calculus teacher was a saint. He would probably take offense to that. He kept four flags in his classroom: Prussian, Israeli, Ohioan, and American. One of our quiz questions was finding the optimal number of kids to his family to adopt, given separate welfare curves for each individual in the family and budgetary constraints. He knew Hebrew and taught me what the Nicene Creed was for the first time (twas a long wandering down that path).

  • I remember starting to go to mass because I had a massive crush on a Catholic girl in my physics class. Eventually I read Augustine and realized error-management in a living theology is really hard.

  • I spent about 500 hours memorizing a binder. Unfortunately, I did not really try to memorize it.4 I now know a surprising amount about the effects drought patterns had on civilizational collapses over the course of human history, Jared Diamond, the music theory of glass armonica repertoire, the context suburbia held in the 1950s American short story scene, and the economics of Southern Californian water rights. It was a lot of fun. Thank you to the teacher who held this torch.

  • On the last day of school, I and two others were the last people on campus. After helping the janitor clean up the mess from graduation, we cast copper in a 1200C crucible. Ingenuity was required to bypass various circuit breakers, but we got it done.

It was a good time. I don't think I'd trade it for the world.5

1

The part of the Inland Empire I grew up in was half Hispanic and less than ten percent Black. At other times of day, you'd see middle-aged women / single moms en route to the local community college, or farm workers commuting.

2

I think this particular combination of ills and successes is almost uniquely American and quite regional.

3

Also for teaching me what a quant was, letting me use district funding regulations to a kind of ridiculous degree, giving me tickets to my first baseball game, and honestly also being one of the best men I've ever met.

4

One of my larger regrets is not learning how to care deeply about the labor of accomplishment until quite recently.

5

Taken as a metaphor in the metaphoric sense, etc. etc.


a brief diatribe on safetyism

A good friend asked me today: why aren't the AI labs evil?

My load-bearing answer is that I see the moral imperative to preserve the the generators of progress as comparable in magnitude to the imperative to prevent harm (even when considering harms posed by superintelligences), and so while I agree unabashed accelerationism is misguided and likely leads to catastrophic outcomes, it is difficult for me to describe those trying as "evil."1

(From similar generators, I weakly hold that OpenAI is 'less evil' than Anthropic, because it seems that the effects 'culty' organizations have on the world are worse than 'non-culty' ones, for structural reasons like worldview homogeneity / top-down vs bottom-up governance / systematic underrating of illegible-from-current-perspective deep harms)

Why?

  • progress is fragile; progress is necessary for the continued emancipation of sentient beings; progress is really the only way to create self-preserving systems that tend towards greater net emancipation because, albeit near tautologically, 'progress' creates 'slack', a lack of 'slack' indicates the agency of the constituents is stripped, an abundance of 'slack' allows systems to adopt robust and diverse stances;2

  • risks from superintelligence are immense. from a suffering-focused perspective, it's likely that the most important interventions of the next twenty years revolve around growing AIs to be dispositionally benevolent / not spiteful. extinction is likely. however, I believe past experience should bias us towards naive mitigations of perceived catastrophic risks to have deeply harmful, unintended, adverse consequences, and so I am less sympathetic to arguments of 'you shouldn't build it' (or even 'you shouldn't build it now')

  • there's an argument from aesthetics to be made. secretly, these arguments are advocating for norm-preservation, where the norms themselves have been hard-won & illegible yet are adaptive forms of bounded consequentialism. (are the norms intrinsic or systematically enforced?)

A rejoinder: sure, but sane accelerationism has never been tried. We should place our civilizational efforts into becoming wiser, and intentionally take steps forward into doom, if we choose to. Current structures (race-dynamics, etc.) differentially favor progress over care, so you should be skeptical of pro-progress arguments. Incentives are aligned for people to pursue progress in a way they are not in the pursuit of increased wisdom.

I agree that if we could systematically become wiser, we should put effort into systematically becoming wiser. But we don't have a good track record of becoming wiser (at least intentionally), and naive applications of care are likely net harmful.

From my perspective, the proper way to 'apply care' requires taking advantage of the preconditions for progress-generating environments. History is neither completely determined by the initial conditions of pivotal technologies, and neither is it beholden to pre-existing convergent pressures. However:

  • developing technologies is a robust lever for disruption, and it is near-uniquely encouraged by progress-generating environments;
  • path-dependence in the invention and distribution of technologies is real, and intentionally shaping the civilizational arc is possible by counterfactually accelerating a pivotal technology

In other words, if you truly care I think you should be ambitious, develop interventions compatible with modern incentive structures, and shut up and calculate when deciding on a plan of action.

1

Another answer: I'm more agnostic than most on the net-positive nature of current human civilization and its naturally extrapolated trajectories. This isn't loadbearing.

2

I somewhat buy that "evilness" is synonymous with "intrinsically slack-sucking."


Blogs

Good blogs. And websites too. No particular order. Updated semi-regularly.

  • Owen Lynch---research software engineer at the Topos Institute. Mostly posts nowadays at localcharts, which has a really cool UI that I should check out!
  • Sinho Chewi, Yale prof, Log-concave sampling (book draft), geometric optimization, complexity of sampling.
  • Gwern. NEET polymath? Actually not sure about either of these claims. Untold depths. More here.
  • Steve Hsu---theoretical physics prof. at MSU. does podcasts, comments widely, polymathic
  • pourteaux---Manhattan surgeon who has a "knack for falling down rabbit holes." Developer of an institutional alignment framework, writes about geopolitics, subcultures, crypto-adjacent.
  • Edward Kmett---comonad, blog for discussing "substructural logics, dependent types, type systems, comonads," etc.
  • Terence Tao. 'Nuff said.
  • Alethios---Taiwan substack. "Thinking about cities & public service in the age of AI."
  • Scott Aaronson---Shtetl-Optimized. Also 'nuff said.
  • Casey Handmer---energy, space, engineering, technical commentary. Founder of Terraform
  • Scott Alexander, probably needs a mild amount of defending. great rationalist and writes well and has good takes sometimes
  • Gavin Leech, gwern-aspiree, well-read, omnipotent critic
  • Asimov Press, biotech-focused magazine with "rigorous fact-checking". Published Richard Ngo's Tinker.
  • Richard Ngo---speculative sci-fi fiction from OpenAI governance researcher. emphasis on AGI/ASI
  • Arnaud Schenk. Posts aren't indexed, so this thread has some good ones.
  • Leila Clark. 101 things I'd tell myself from a decade ago. good writing
  • Paul Graham. See here.
  • Peter Woit. String theory, high-energy physics, fundamental physics, are there any other labels that work here to take up space
  • Bryan Hayes. Science essays. Impeccable resume: Scientific America, Harvard, Berkeley.
  • Gil Kalai. Geometric combinatorics, convex polytopes, Boolean functions.
  • Luca Trevisan. In Theory. CS prof., Italian, SF, Taipei.
  • John Baez. Official blog of the Azimuth Project. Many things, but a lot of math.
  • Topos Institute---blog by Topos researchers. Great!
  • RealClimate. "Climate science from climate scientists". Sane. Gavin Schmidt & Michael Mann, et. al.
  • IQIM@Caltech. quantum info and matter research blog and general blog. great stuff, including Hamlet rewritten for a system of noncommuting charges.
  • Sean Carroll. JHU, Santa Fe, physicist & philosopher. Great podcast.
  • Dave Bacon. The Quantum Pontiff. Quite random
  • Boaz Barak. Windows on Theory. Started by a group of people at Microsoft Research, theoretical CS blog, for debating theory of computing.
  • Tim Urban. Wait but Why. Just very good.
  • Ramis Movassagh. Applied mathematician & mathematical physicist @Google Quantum AI. Past IBM, MIT. Mostly expository blog, kind of dead.
  • Aella.
  • Sarah Constantin. Rough Diamonds. Takes a look at phenomenons in the world and tries to figure out why they exist, with simple methodologies.
  • Zvi Mowshowitz. Don't Worry About the Vase. Mostly AI, policy, rationality, medicine & fertility, education and games.
  • Yassine Meskhout. Former public defender who now does culture war commentary.
  • Timothy Gowers. Mostly dead, sadly :(
  • Michael Nielsen. Quantum computing, open science, AI, SF.
  • xkcd. "A webcomic of romance, sarcasm, math, and language."
  • Vitalik Buterin. Founder of Ethereum. degen communism, d/acc, the end of childhood.
  • Caspar Oesterheld. Decision theory, acausal trade, AI alignment, game theory. My (former) mentor :D
  • Andrew Gelman. Columbia stats. The best statistics blog.
  • Cosma Shalizi. Studies large, complex, nonlinear dynamical systems through the lens of STATS and POWER.
  • Toby Ord. literature, visual art, music, game
  • Paul Christiano. For unimportant things. For his alignment posting see here.
  • Marginal Revolution. Named by the pub name instead of Tyler Cowen/Alex Tabarrok because its brand is unique. Econ, culture, pol.
  • David Pearce. Links to The Hedonistic Imperative and his other writings. Brilliant, many books.
  • Anders Sandberg. Erratic, undeniably curious
  • Luke Muehlhauser. music & archives, among other things
  • Ozy Brennan. feminism & trans & culture war & ea
  • Jan Kirchner. On Brains, Minds, And Their Possible Uses. Comp neuro PhD @ MPI Brain Research Frankfurt. Dead since Jan 2023 :(
  • Tom Adamczewski. swe consulting, London. last posts on monitors, fertility, stats
  • Mark Liberman. Linguistics blog since 2003 from UPenn
  • Piero Scaruffi. The Greatest Music Critic Of All Time. Possibly the GOAT of Art Critique as well.
  • Robin Hanson. Overcoming Bias. "A blog on why we believe and do what we do, why we preetend otherwise, how we might do better, and what our descendants might do, if they don't all die."
  • Ben Kuhn. Abyss starer, works at Anthropic, formerly Wave & Harvard. HN?
  • Hacker News. Reddit for hackers/software people, I think? Great links and discussions, hosted by YC.
  • Kieran Healy. Sociology prof at Duke. Lucid humanities.
  • Gregory Lewis. Junior doctor in/around Oxford. EA. The Polemical Medic. NOTE: this is dead as of 2015, but sufficiently different from others in this list to leave up.
  • Philip Trammell. DPhil econ student at Oxford. GPI. Patient Philanthropy.
  • Alexey Guzey. Inspired by Freeman Dyson and Augustine of Hippo (i have takes).
  • Dan Luu. Good HTML aesthetics. Software blog?
  • Pablo Stafforini. Dead since 2022. Great Anki repositories. EA.
  • Eric Schwitzgebel, UCR philosophy professor!! philosophy of psychology, philosophy of mind, moral psychology, classical Chinese philosophy, epistemology, metaphilosophy, metaphysics, scifi...
  • Bruce Schneier. Public interest technologist focused on security. Great deep-dives
  • David Roodman. Senior advisor at OpenPhil. Economic development in poorer countries: microfinance, third world debt, environmental taxes, etc.
  • Matt Clancy. New Things Under the Sun, blog on innovation research. He works on innovation policy at OpenPhil. This is his living literature review.
  • Jacob Trefethen. Senior program officer at OpenPhil, new blog on scientific progress and funding mechanisms for science.
  • Lewis Bollard. OpenPhil farm animal welfare bimonthly newsletter.
  • Works in Progress. "A magazine of new and underrated ideas to improve the world." By Stripe.
  • Institute for Progress. Policy, progress studies, link is to latest publications.
  • Jason Crawford. Progress studies at The Roots of Progress. Reading lists, cellular reprogramming, origins of the steam engine.
  • Progress Forum. LW clone but for progress studies. Great!
  • LessWrong. Home of alignment research, rationality, and good math posts.
  • EA Forum. Much larger than LessWrong, EA focused. Also a LW clone.
  • Ajeya Cotra. Technical AI safety at OpenPhil. Writes about scale vs. schlep (great naming)
  • Joe Carlsmith. Senior research analyst at OpenPhil working on existential risk. MTG green, meta-ethics, rationality, ethics...
  • Carl Shulman. Marvelous. Also writes on the EA Forum and LessWrong. Incomplete timeline of publications on issarice.
  • David Eppstein. UCI CS prof, Wikipedia admin. links, somewhat dead
  • William Kuszmaul. Harvard postdoc. algorithms, data structures, probability
  • Qiaochu Yuan. link to his math blog. his other (modern-day) writing is here.
  • n-Category Cafe. "A group blog on math, physics, and philosophy".
  • Ars Mathematica. dead since 2015, use as archive
  • David Mumford. Known for algebraic geometry, pattern theory. Posts about consciousness, AI, and Israel sometimes.
  • ATLAS of Finite Group Representations. What the name says.
  • Automorphic Forum. Dead since 2012. Automorphic forms, number theory, representation theory, algebraic geometry, ...
  • Abhishek Roy. Postdoc in condensed matter theory at ITP Cologne. Keeps the chicago undergraduate maths & physics bibliographies up
  • Willie WY Wong. MSU prof. Studies general relativity, fluid dynamics, geometric methods, nonlinear wave equations.
  • Compressed sensing resources. Again, see name
  • Lance Fortnow & Bill Gasarch. Blog on computational complexity by IIT CS prof and UMD CS prof.
  • Concrete Nonsense. Group math blog that has been dead since 2015 :(
  • forking and dividing. map of the model-theoretic universe. very cool
  • George Shakan. data scientist. previously postdoc at Oxford under Ben Green.
  • Danny Calegari. Geometry and the imagination. Archive, dead since 2017
  • floerhomology. dead since 2018. good archive
  • fff. Forking, Forcing, and back&Forthing. Logic blog!! dead since 2013 tho, for archive
  • Low Dimensional Topology. Dead since 2020, but come on it's low-dimensional topology, the coolest thing since sliced bread
  • M-PHI. A blog dedicated to mathematical philosophy. Might not be dead, latest post August 22, 2023. Many interesting articles and many cat photos!
  • Djalil CHAFAÏ. French mathematician interested in geometric and probabilistic functional analysis, among other things. Great mathematics blog that I think is in English?
  • Mark Lewko. Grad student at UT Austin. Interested in finite fields and Fourier series, according to his papers? Dead since 2013.
  • Alan Rendall. Hydrobates, mathematician thinking about stuff. Recently Sylvia Plath and Arendt.
  • Joel Moreira. "I Can't Believe It's Not Random!". Ergodic theory & Ramsey theory and surrouding areas. Last post 2022.
  • Joel David Hamkins. "mathematics and philosophy of the infinite." Mathematical and philosophical logic, with a focus on the infinite. Logic prof. at University of Notre Dame, previously at Oxford. Good work on forcing & large cardinals. Newsletter: Infinitely More (paid :( ).
  • Jérôme Buzzi. Topology, dynamics, uniform hyperbolicity. French.
  • Keith Conrad's expository papers. Great!
  • Tai-Danae Bradley. Interested in the intersection of quantum physics, machine intelligence, and category theory.
  • Cathy O'Neil. "how do you know your AI is working well for everyone?", mathbabe, ea-adjacent, social commentary
  • mathblogging.org. Aggregator for the mathematical blogosphere
  • Tony Gardiner. Founder of UKMT, brilliant pedagogue, dead at 2024. Also an OOM more kids take olympiads in the UK than the US. Wild
  • Andreas Holmstrom. Cohomology, homotopy theory, arithmetic geometry. Also runs PeakMath
  • Thomas Vidick. MyCQState. Caltech prof. Proofs with quantum stuff.
  • David Lowry-Duda. Senior Research Scientist at ICERM. Moderator on math.stackexchange. computational number theory
  • nLab. Wiki for collaborative work on math/physics/philosophy, sympathetic to the perspective of homotopy theory/algebraic topology/hott/higher category theory/higher categorical algebra
  • Noncommutative geometry blog. just that
  • Nonlocal Equations Wiki. nonlocal elliptic and parabolic equations. bellman equation is an example
  • Online Analysis Research Seminar. Talks on harmonic analysis & adjacent areas that are accessible to a general mathematical audience.
  • Pengfei Zhang. sporadic posting---last one in 2024, so still decent rates.
  • Frank Calegari. Number theorist (sometimes) blogs about math. UChicago math prof
  • Proof Wiki.
  • Jordan S. Ellenberg. Quomodcumque. Fucking awesome. UW Madison math prof who roadtripped to the solar eclipse with his kids. Arithmetic algebraic geometry.
  • Peter Cameron. 1969 Rhodes Scholar, good travel diaries. mathematician
  • Astronomy Picture of the Day.
  • Dirk Lorenz. Mathematics at TU Braunschweig. dead since 2019
  • Rigorous Trivialities. Group blog dead since 2015. Arithmetic algebraic geometry, topology, mathematical physics. Charles Siegel, Jim Stankewicz, Matt Deland.
  • Secret Blogging Seminar. 8 anon Berkeley math PhDs. dead-ish, last post 2020
  • Sergey Denisov. Math prof at UW Madison. Dead since 2019
  • Dustin Mixon. Ohio State math prof. blog is kinda dead, 2 posts in the last 3 years. also called Short, Fat Matrices
  • Toan Nguyen. Penn State mathematician.
  • Kenneth Baker. Sketches of low-dimensional topology.
  • Yemon Choi. algebra x functional analysis
  • The L-functions and modular forms database. LMFDB
  • Tricki. A really nice database on mathematical tricks that you can use in proofs. how to use ultrafilters!
  • The polymath blog. tim gowers's attempt at crowdsourcing mathematics. went well. dead since 2021
  • World Digital Mathematics Library
  • Thuses. online publishing platform for mathematicians. dead since 2021, but one post 2023. i should write one
  • Timothy Gowers' mathematical discussions
  • Vaughn Climenhaga. Associate professor at University of Houston doing research in dynamical systems.
  • Yufei Zhao. MIT combinatorialist, Putnam. Ashwin's PhD advisor
  • Dominic Cummings. reads well. brexit guy. attempting to reform maths ed in the uk
  • Curtis Yarvin. Blogs at Gray Mirror. Formerly Mencius Moldbug. Radical monarchist.
  • James W. Phillips. Former special adviser to the PM for Science and Tech. systems neuroscientist. 'trying to prepare for agi'. co-founder of ARIA
  • ARIA. UK's ARPA.

Aesthetics

[musings from 2 years ago, unedited]

Thought: motivate aesthetics with disgust.

Consider aesthetics as applied physiology (ala Nietzsche). We are either healthy or we are not. Health is the natural, the good state of being. Under this framing it makes more sense to consider pathogenic and unnatural influences rather than nominally 'good' ones (which are simply neutral).

Thought: there exists a naturalistic basis for 'beauty'.

  • The Harmonic Series
  • Visual beauty is the ~same across bees/birds/humans
  • good smells are good across organisms??

The simplicity bias & the complexity-based theory of beauty

Thought: physiological aesthetes are grounded in disgust, while cognitive aesthetes are grounded in beauty

('disgust' and 'beauty' are the wrong words to describe this dichotomy)

Similar to Mill's higher and lower pleasures: cognitive aesthetes > physiological aesthetes. But cognitive aesthetes can have both positive and negative valence, while physiological is only negative? Perhaps cognitive aesthetes can only be positive valence, and the negativity arises from a physiological reaction?

System 1 v. System 2, push v. pull factors

Sex is physiological and a pull factor! => wrong to say that physiological aesthetes are always negative valence. Also consider food, music

Thought: pull aesthetes need to be (something? I can't read my own handwriting)

E.g. music --

greatness is at the intersection of phys & cognitive aesthetes: e.g. Beethoven

No good great contemporary classical because tipped too far in cognitive direction

same with art

Thought: Can you get DALLE-3 (or the music equivalent) to innovate here?

Thought: What about context:

Physiological context window:

  • Amount of melodies
  • Amount of harmonic simplicity (well-approximation by rational pitch ratios)
  • volume

Cognitive context window:

  • Complexity of lyrics
  • how many thiings you're tracking?

Great music that expands your cognitive capacity -- ?

Ravel's Le Tombeau de Couperin, II. Fugue has a 4-note motif with ~no rhythmic variation and yet elicits complexity on a baser & higher level


Quite unsure of what I was trying to do here.

The "aesthetics as applied physiology" frame comes from Nietzsche's Case of Wagner and Nietzsche contra Wagner:

Æsthetic is inextricably bound up with these biological principles: there is decadent æsthetic, and classical æsthetic,---"beauty in itself" is just as much a chimera as any other kind of idealism.---

Æsthetic is indeed nothing more than applied physiology—-

Wagner makes Nietzsche sick, sick to his stomach.

[Wagner] stultifies, he befouls the stomach. His specific effect: degeneration of the feeling for rhythm. [referring to leitmotif]

I think this approach to one's aesthetics is essentially correct. Revulsion is more powerful than attraction, more immediate and salient. Focusing on it as evidence of your preferences is likely better than waiting for strong feelings of joy or wonder, as it's more readily available and less fickle.

Which leads to the underlying question: what do I mean when I talk about aesthetics? What is one's sense of aesthetics? I am gesturing to, I think, a sense of "taste" grounded in feeling, the set of preferences one has. An "aesthete" is just a particularly dense collection of preferences that indicate a feeling towards a certain "vibe"?

In this sense saying "motivate aesthetics with disgust" is misleading --- I am actually trying to say something closer to "you will be more successful running a pseudo principal component analysis on your preference set by looking at what you're disgusted by instead of what you're attracted to" --- and many of these frames have incoherent vocabulary/phenomenon pairings.

When considering one's aesthetics as one's preference set, does the cognitive/physiological distinction make any sense? Do different parts of your brain light up when you look at a Van Gogh painting vs. a particularly gory scene in a movie?

Incidentally, beautiful paintings elicit increased activity in your prefrontal cortex, while sadistic tendencies seem to originate from your amygdala and insula, more primitive areas of the brain. Weak evidence in favor of a mechanistic basis for the cognitive/physiological divide for beauty & disgust.

If I had access to an fMRI machine, I'd get so much data on how our brains react to different kinds of music! (There's probably already a sufficient amount of literature on this tbf).


Review | Of Mice and Men

[musings from 2 years ago, unedited]

[quite experimental. class = economic class mostly]

California! ~central California, near the coast, south of Salinas and north of Santa Barbara. (near Monterey).

It's interesting how many of the interactions between the characters can be analyzed through the lens of power dynamics granted both by their actions and status. capitalist v. prole, man v. woman, white v. black. For instance, take the following example:

Crooks stood up from his bunk and faced [Curley's wife]. “I had enough,” he said coldly. “You got no rights comin’ in a colored man’s room. You got no rights messing around in here at all. Now you jus’ get out, an’ get out quick. If you don’t, I’m gonna ast the boss not to ever let you come in the barn no more.”

She turned on him in scorn. “Listen, Nigger,” she said. “You know what I can do to you if you open your trap?”

Crooks stared hopelessly at her, and then he sat down on his bunk and drew into himself.

She closed on him. “You know what I could do?”

Crooks seemed to grow smaller, and he pressed himself against the wall. “Yes, ma’am.”

“Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. I could get you strung up on a tree so easy it ain’t even funny.”

Crooks had reduced himself to nothing. There was no personality, no ego—nothing to arouse either like or dislike. He said, “Yes, ma’am,” and his voice was toneless.

For a moment she stood over him as though waiting for him to move so that she could whip at him again; but Crooks sat perfectly still, his eyes averted, everything that might be hurt drawn in. She turned at last to the other two.

For a moment she stood over him as though waiting for him to move so that she could whip at him again; but Crooks sat perfectly still, his eyes averted, everything that might be hurt drawn in. She turned at last to the other two.

Old Candy was watching her, fascinated. “If you was to do that, we’d tell,” he said quietly. “We’d tell about you framin’ Crooks.”

“Tell an’ be damned,” she cried. “Nobody’d listen to you, an’ you know it. Nobody’d listen to you.”

Candy subsided. “No…” he agreed. “Nobody’d listen to us.”

Crooks has no power because he's Black and a farm worker---the patriarchy doesn't save him here---whereas Curley's wife only has power through her association with Curley (a white male capitalist). This status by association dominates Candy's power (a white male farm worker) & Lennie's (albeit Lennie's legitimate civilized power, not his illegitimate uncivilized physicality). So you get this hierarchical stratification on first economic divides, then racial divides, and then sex divides, which seems roughly representative of early 20th century American society.

But then, of course, Lennie suffocates Curley's wife. You could use this an argument for the sex divide actually subsuming all other power differentials, or as an argument against the entire endeavor. The first has some weight (sex makes itself apparent only on a much more intimate level than the other two) and in fact if you take any given person most of their opposite-sex interactions are with the same class & race, so it's the most salient. The second also has some weight---the relative power levels of individuals is mostly determined by their perceived willingness & capacity to act by others; willingness is mediated by societal norms and capacity mediated by one's body, among other things; and therefore using these absurdly generalizable "power dynamic" frames does more harm than good.

I think that some combination of the two is broadly correct. It is true that society is quite stratified (although hopefully this is becoming less true over time), and it is also true that class, race, and sex are the cleanest separations we see. In most cases/interactions, inter-class/race/sex dynamics are in fact mediated by factors which make owners/whites/men more powerful and workers/blacks/women less powerful, because:

(1) inter-class interactions typically bottom out in economic power which can have long-term material effects on the less-powerful individual

(2) inter-sex interactions typically bottom out in physical power which can have deleterious effects on one's health (also plausibly emotional power but that's a different thing? and would work in the other direction or both ways), only made possible by inter-sex interactions occurring typically in close proximity

(3) interracial interactions are interesting because it bottoms out in not necessarily institutional but communal power? whereas economic power piggybacks on the economy, a man-made relatively unnatural institution we've made to mediate interactions on larger than the tribal level, racial animus is (I think) almost solely tribal? very soft-power coded, the "dark-matter" of society completely unparseable to autists. perhaps religion is a useful tool for capturing this & directing it at things that aren't racial

[end stream of consciousness]

i don't think i like these naive analyses. they are really clean frames though